G: TL;DR:
Use the built-in entity["mobile_app","Apple Podcasts","iOS default app"] app. It’s already on your iPhone—no install needed.

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The simplest path (already on your phone)

entity["mobile_app","Apple Podcasts","iOS default app"] is preinstalled on every iPhone.

How to use it:

1. Open Podcasts (purple icon, usually on your home screen or App Library)
2. Tap Search
3. Type the name of the podcast
4. Tap it → hit Follow
5. Tap an episode → Play or Download

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If you don’t see it

• Swipe down and search for “Podcasts”
• Or check the App Library
• If it was deleted, reinstalling it from the App Store is still “official,” not adding a third-party app

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“Without installing new information” — what that realistically means

If your constraint is:

• No new apps: you’re fine (Podcasts is built-in)
• No downloads at all: you can still stream episodes instead of downloading them

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Third option (no app usage at all)

You can also:

• Open Safari
• Go to a podcast’s website (or YouTube)
• Press play directly

This avoids apps entirely, but it’s clunkier and you lose tracking/subscription features.

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Third Option (edge case)

• Some podcasts are also available in entity["mobile_app","Apple Music","iOS music streaming app"], but this is inconsistent and not the intended method

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That’s the whole system: Apple already solved this by shipping a dedicated app, so the “no install” route is just using what’s already there.